@article {474,
	title = {Density dependence in marine protected populations: a review},
	journal = {Environmental Conservation},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2000},
	abstract = {<p>The cessation or reduction of fishing in marine protected areas (MPAs)  should promote an increase in abundance and mean size and age of  previously exploited populations. Thus density-dependent changes in  life-history characteristics should occur when populations are allowed  to recover in MPAs. In this review, we synthesize the existing  information on resource limitation in marine ecosystems,  density-dependent changes in life-history traits of exploited  populations and evidence for biomass export from MPAs. Most evidence for  compensatory changes in biological variables has been derived from  observations on populations depleted by high fishing mortality or on  strong year classes, but these changes are more evident in juveniles  than in adults and in freshwater rather than in marine systems. It is  unclear if adults of exploited marine populations are resource limited.  This may suggest that exploited populations are controlled mainly by  density-independent processes, which could be a consequence of the  depleted state of most exploited populations. MPAs could be a useful  tool for testing these hypotheses. If we assume that resources become  limiting inside MPAs, it is plausible that, if suitable habitats exist,  mobile species will search for resources outside of the MPAs, leading to  export of biomass to areas which are fished. However, it is not  possible to establish from the available data whether this export will  be a response to resource limitation inside the MPAs, the result of  random movements across MPA boundaries or both. We discuss the  implications of this process for the use of MPAs as fisheries management  tools.</p>},
	keywords = {biomass, boundary, Cabrera, Campello, carrying capacity, Castellamare, Columbretes, Corsica, C{\^o}te Bleue, density, ecosystem, fish abundance, fish density, fishery, fishing prohibition, France, habitat, Italy, labridae, Ligurian Sea, management, management tool, marine protected area, Medes, Mediterranean sea, mortality, movement, population, protected area, review, rocky shore, Scandola, serranidae, Sicilia, size, Spain, sparidae, spillover, Tabarca, visual census, western Mediterranean},
	author = {J-L. Sanchez-Lizaso and A. P{\'e}rez-Ruzafa and O. Renones and R. Goni and J-A. Garcia-Charton and R. Galzin and J-T. Bayle and P. Sanchez-Jerez and A-A. Ramos}
}
