@article {473,
	title = {The marine protected area of Portofino, Italy: a difficult balance},
	journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2001},
	abstract = {<p>The Portofino promontory extends for 13km along the northwestern Italian  coast. This peninsula has a rough coastline, steep seabed, and high  indices of biodiversity, both in its terrestrial and marine ecosystems.  In 1935, a terrestrial protected area was established, preventing the  intense urban development and mass tourism that characterises nearby  areas today. Presently, the economies of the small towns in the area are  based on elite tourism and recreational boating. Based on an analysis  of the uses of the area and their impacts on the coastal ecosystems, we  suggest that the present activities significantly degrade the area{\textquoteright}s  environment. In 1998, the national government created a marine protected  area surrounding the peninsula. Some local authorities and many  stakeholders from the nearby communities opposed the designation,  fearing a decrease in tourism and stricter control over recreational  activities. Two potential alternatives exist for the area: (a)  maintaining a traditional system with short-term economic benefits; or  (b) choosing an innovative, environmentally sound system of management  providing intermediate and long-term economic and environmental  benefits.</p>},
	keywords = {awareness, benefit, biodiversity, boating, communication, concertation, conflict, economy, ecosystem, education, environment, history, human impact, impact, Italy, Ligurian Sea, management, marine protected area, Mediterranean sea, Portofino, protected area, stakeholders, tourism, western Mediterranean},
	author = {P. Salmona and D. Verardi}
}
