@article {254, title = {Evaluation des modifications de la biodiversit{\'e} marine sous l{\textquoteright}influence du changement global en M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e nord-occidentale}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

La M\éditerran\ée nord-occidentale est une r\égion sensible au changement climatique. Les impacts potentiels de ce changement pourraient avoir des cons\équences dramatiques sur la conservation de nombreux \écosyst\èmes et esp\èces. Un effort de recherche pour discerner les effets pass\és et futurs du changement global en M\éditerran\ée doit \être soutenu pour \évaluer les risques encourus par la biodiversit\é marine. Ce projet propose d{\textquoteright}\étudier les communaut\és de substrats durs.

}, keywords = {biodiversit{\'e}, biodiversity, changement climatique, changement global, climate change, conservation, distribution, dynamic, dynamique, ecosystem, {\'e}cosyst{\`e}me, genetic, g{\'e}n{\'e}tique, global change, impact, long-term monitoring, Mediterranean sea, M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e nord-occidentale, M{\'e}diterrann{\'e}e occidentale, Mer M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, mortalit{\'e}, north-western Mediterranean, ph{\'e}nologie, phenology, recherche, serum, surveillance, thermotolerance, western Mediterranean}, author = {Aurelle and Bensoussan and Boury-Esnault and Chevaldonn{\'e} and Garrabou and Harmelin and Laubier and Ledoux and Lejeusne and Marschal and Perez and Romano and Torrents and Vacelet} } @article {257, title = {Thermodependent bacterial pathogens and mass mortalities in temperate benthic communities: a new case of emerging disease linked to climate change}, journal = {Global Change Biology}, volume = {13}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

In the temperate north-western Mediterranean Sea, large-scale disease outbreaks in benthic invertebrate species have recently occurred during climatic anomalies characterized by elevated seawater temperatures. One of the most affected species was the red gorgonian Paramuricea clavata, a key species of highly diverse communities dwelling in dim-lit habitats in the Mediterranean. From diseased P. clavata colonies, we isolated culturable bacteria associated to tissue lesions in order to investigate their potential as pathogens. Inoculation of four bacterial isolates onto healthy P. clavata in aquaria caused disease signs similar to those observed during the 2003 mortality event. The infection process was dependent on elevated seawater temperatures, in a range of values consistent with recordings performed in the field during the climatic anomalies. Among the four isolates, we identified a Vibrio coralliilyticus strain that showed virulence to P. clavata. This strain was re-isolated from diseased colonies during the experimentations. V. coralliilyticus has been previously identified as a thermodependent pathogen of a tropical coral species, emphasizing a causal role of this infectious agent in the P. clavata disease. Taking into consideration predicted global warming over the coming decades, a better understanding of the factors and mechanisms that affect the disease process will be of critical importance in predicting future threats to temperate gorgonians communities in the Mediterranean Sea.

}, keywords = {benthos, biodiversit{\'e}, changement climatique, climate, climate change, disease, France, global warming, gorgonaire, gorgonian, habitat, Ile du Riou, infection, invertebrate, Marseille, Marseilles, mass mortality, Mediterranean sea, M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e nord-occidentale, M{\'e}diterrann{\'e}e occidentale, Mer M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, mortalit{\'e} massive, mortality, north-western Mediterranean, Paramuricea clavata, pathogen, pathog{\`e}ne, Provence, r{\'e}chauffement global, Riou Island, sea water temperature, temperature, temp{\'e}rature de l{\textquoteright}eau de mer, threat, Vibrio corallilyticus, warming, western Mediterranean}, author = {Bally and Garrabou} } @article {277, title = {Impact and recovery from a mass mortality event of the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata populations on the french mediterranean coasts}, journal = {Geophysical Research Abstracts}, volume = {5}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

An unprecedented mass mortality occurred in the NWMediterranean in summer 1999. This event affected 30 species of invertebrates from 5 different Phyla (sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, ascidians, bryozoans) on several hundred kilometres of shoreline from the Bay of Genoa in Italy to the Bay of Marseilles in France. The most affected taxa were sponges and cnidarians. This mass mortality took place under an unusual environmental context characterized by high and stable water column temperatures. The impact of the mass mortality and recovery (1999-2002) of populations of the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata from Provence{\textquoteright}s coasts (France) have been studied.

}, keywords = {benthos, biodiversit{\'e}, biodiversity, climate change, France, gorgonaire, gorgonian, impact, invertebrate, Italy, Marseille, Marseilles, mass mortality, Mediterranean sea, M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e nord-occidentale, M{\'e}diterrann{\'e}e occidentale, Mer M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, mollusc, mortalit{\'e} massive, mortality, north-western Mediterranean, Paramuricea clavata, Provence, recovery, sponge, temperature, western Mediterranean}, author = {Bonhomme and Garrabou and Perez and Sartoretto and Harmelin} } @article {297, title = {Consequences of a mass mortality in populations of Eunicella singularis (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in Menorca (NW Mediterranean)}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {327}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

At the end of the boreal summer of 1999, many invertebrates in hard-bottom communities in the NW Mediterranean Sea suffered an episode of mass mortality. Our study examined the effects of this event on populations of the temperate octocoral Eunicella singularis at Menorca (Balearic Island). The event affected colonies over the entire depth range where the species is present (15 to 40 m). Four years after the occurence of the event, 59\% of the colonies still exhibited some damage. The extent of injury of the colonies varied among locations, ranging between 37 and 67\% with a mean of 50\% of the colony surface. The proportion of dead colonies also varied among locations from 26 to 62\%, with an overall mean of 46\% of the population. The proportion of dead colonies was inversely correlated with density. Current size distribution of the colonies indicated the occurence of low recruitment during the years subsequent to the mass motality event. Our study demonstrates that the 1999 mass mortality event was geographically more extensive than previously thought (Menorca is located about 400 to 700 km from areas where mass mortality was previously reported, along the coast of Provence and Ligury). The mortality rate of E. singularis estimated for the Menorca populations was the highest value recorded to date for this species, showing that the delayed effects of the mortality event exerted a much greater impact on these populations than the immediate effects. Additional impacts result from a reduction in recruitment. These delayed consequences may lead to important changes in community composition, structure, processes and function, as gorgonians are key structural and functional organisms within these communities.

}, keywords = {Balearic Islands, benthos, biodiversit{\'e}, biodiversity, climate change, corallig{\`e}ne, coralligenous community, distribution, Eunicella singularis, gorgonaire, gorgonian, hard bottom, Iles Bal{\'e}ares, impact, invertebrate, invert{\'e}br{\'e}, mass mortality, Mediterranean sea, M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e nord-occidentale, M{\'e}diterrann{\'e}e occidentale, Menorca, Mer M{\'e}diterran{\'e}e, Minorque, mortalit{\'e} massive, mortality, north-western Mediterranean, Provence, sea water temperature, Spain, temp{\'e}rature de l{\textquoteright}eau de mer, thermotolerance, western Mediterranean}, author = {Coma and Linares and Ribes and Diaz and Garrabou and Ballesteros} }